In addition to our industry-leading custom antibody engineering services, Creative Biolabs can provide a diversity of therapeutic antibodies with fairly good sensitivity and specificity. These antibodies would lay a valuable experimental foundation for further study and may also contribute to the improvement in the therapy of many diseases, such as IgM therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of S. pneumoniae infection diseases.
Introduction of S. pneumoniae Infection
Fig. 1 S. pneumoniae colonization, mucosal infections, pneumonia,and invasive infections (Sorensen, 2018)
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), or pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive bacterium that is the leading pathogen causing community-acquired infections, which is an important and commonly encountered bacterial pathogen in humans. It is often found as a normal commensal in the nasopharynx of healthy adults and children and causes diseases such as acute otitis media, pneumonia, bacteraemia, and meningitis. It is a symbiotic organism in the human respiratory tract, meaning it can benefit from the human body without harming it. Pneumococcal infection is responsible for 1-2 million infant deaths worldwide each year. Before the age of 2, S. pneumonia caused 50% of otitis media and most pneumonia and meningitis. During the influenza infection, S. pneumoniae is associated with higher mortality in patients infected with both microorganisms. When infected with the same host, it is believed that S. pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae have synergistic effects with each other.
Immunotherapy for S. pneumoniae Infection
Currently, pneumococcal vaccine is effective protection the humans, especially children and those with immunodeficiency, against the S. pneumonia infection, which is by the mechanism of inducing immunity via stimulating B cell to produce antibodies (IgM isotype for polysaccharide vaccine). The extensive immunological analysis of congenital and adaptive immunity in adult patients shows that there may be primary selective IgM deficiency with life-threatening S. pneumonia septic shock and invasive Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Among 14 pneumococcal polysaccharide serotypes, serum IgG, IgA, and IgE were normal but the serum IgM levels and specific antibody titers were consistently low. The treatment of S. pneumonia infection primarily relies on antibiotics, which contribute to increased drug resistance and side effects. Excitedly, monoclonal antibody therapy is a favorable alternative for those drug-resistant bacteria infection in recent years. As S. pneumoniae is an encapsulated bacterium, antibody- and complement-mediated opsonization and phagocytosis play an important role in protection against pneumococcal infection. Definitely, IgM specific antibody is a strategy for the treatment of S. pneumoniae infection by mediation more effective antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-induced opsonization and phagocytosis.
Creative Biolabs is an undisputed world-leading service provider and research institution in therapeutic antibody discovery technique. With our vast experience and well-established platform, we now offer the best-in-field of non-IgG therapeutic antibodies products and one-stop service against the specific target, aiming to discover new strategies for disease treatment. For more detailed information, please feel free to contact us or directly sent us an inquiry.
Reference
- Sorensen, R.U.; and Edgar, J.D.M. Overview of antibody-mediated immunity to S. pneumoniae: pneumococcal infections, pneumococcal immunity assessment, and recommendations for IG product evaluation. Transfusion. 2018, 58 Suppl 3: 3106-3113.
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