Non-IgG antibodies Development for Influenza Viral Infection Therapy

Non-IgG antibodies have gained increasing importance in diagnostic and therapeutic applications with their inherent advantages compared with IgG antibodies. As one of the well-recognized experts in antibody engineering, Creative Biolabs is professional in applying advanced platforms for non-IgG therapeutic antibody research. Aided by our first-in-class technologies and professional scientists, we are dedicated to developing and utilizing non-IgG therapeutic antibodies, mainly IgM and IgA, as promising treatments for human influenza viral infection.

Brief Introduction of Influenza Viral Infection

Influenza, a highly contagious airborne disease, is caused by influenza viruses that are divided into three different types: influenza A, B, and C, all of which cause illness in humans. Influenza often occurs in seasonal epidemics and manifests as an acute febrile illness with variable degrees of systemic symptoms, ranging from mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death. Influenza viruses are enveloped RNA viruses, of which the most outstanding characteristic is their rapid evolution which leads to their great variability. Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are the two large glycoproteins on the outside of the viral particles. Clinically, a rapid influenza diagnostics test can quickly identify the antigens on a swab sample from the back of the nose or throat. Widely used antiviral medication can effectively shorten the course of illness and prevent serious complications. Importantly, the application of antibodies for the treatment of viral infections has been a long history. There are several monoclonal antibodies are being evaluated to bind and neutralize a number of influenza viruses in pre-clinical and clinical research. The vaccination is an effective way of protecting from influenza infection by inducing antibodies production in the body against various influenza viruses. In recent years, non-IgG therapeutic antibodies, mainly IgA and IgM isotypes, also have been revealed that exerted significantly protective effects against influenza infection.

IgA Antibodies for Influenza Viral Infection

IgA, predominant in mucosal tissues (including the upper respiratory tract and digestive tract), is known to play an important role in protection against influenza virus infection.

• Firstly, IgA can neutralize influenza viruses at the mucosal interface by providing immediate immunity via its unique capability to eliminate a pathogen before it even passes the mucosal barrier. Therefore, pre-existing secretory IgA (S-IgA) is the first line of defense upon reinfection or infection after vaccination.
• Secondly, IgA can effectively clear the virus in infected epithelial cells and redirect antigens to the lumen when they enter the lamina propria.
• Thirdly, IgA antibodies are more important than IgG for preventing transmission of influenza viruses.

In summary, IgA antibodies can be explored as a prevention and treatment method of influenza virus infection.

Fig.1 The role of IgA in protection from influenza virus infection.¹

IgM Antibodies for Influenza Viral Infection

During the initial acute phase of influenza virus infection, IgM antibodies are rapidly produced as a first defense line because IgM is expressed without isotype switching. IgM subtype antibodies targeting specific epitopes of influenza virus are more likely to block virus binding to cell receptors and effectively prevent different variant strains from causing infection, due to their high affinity and/or steric hindrance, thus displaying broader and more potent antiviral activity than IgG subtype antibodies. In addition, IgM antibodies, following binding to antigen, can activate the complement cascade and elicit highly efficient and tightly regulated inflammatory and cytolytic immune responses to infectious influenza virus. Therefore, IgM has long been used as an important diagnostic tool for identifying individuals with active influenza virus infections and an effective treatment of influenza infection.

Non-IgG antibodies, such as IgA, IgM, IgE, are expected to be the next generation of anti-cancer treatment options due to their excellent properties. As a biological biotech company dedicated to human health improvement, Creative Biolabs has invested a tremendous amount of time and effort into non-IgG antibodies development aiming to provide the best and professional solutions and services to our customers all over the world. We are now providing diverse non-IgG antibodies products and one-stop services based on our extensive experience and advanced platform.

If you are interested, please directly contact us without hesitation. We can customize our offering to meet your specific project needs.

Reference

1. Gianchecchi, Elena, et al. "How to assess the effectiveness of nasal influenza vaccines? Role and measurement of sIgA in mucosal secretions." Influenza and other respiratory viruses 13.5 (2019): 429-437. Distributed under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification.

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• Non-IgG Therapeutic Antibodies Engineering
• Non-IgG Therapeutic Antibodies Discovery
• Production and Purification
• Non-IgG Therapeutic Antibodies Characterization
• Non-IgG Therapeutic Antibodies PK/PD Evaluation
• Developability Improvement

• IgA
• IgE
• IgM
• Assay kits

• Disease Therapy
• Clinical Diagnosis
• Non-IgG Antibody Application for Vaccine Development

• Non-IgG Antibody Related Diseases
• IgE Related Diseases
• Non-IgG Antibody Research Progress
• Non-IgG Antibody Isotypes
• Non-IgG Receptors and Interactions