Creative Biolabs is a professional non-lgG antibody development expert with extensive experience in antibody design, immunogenicity evaluation, safety evaluation, and production process optimization. We have won a good reputation among our worldwide customers for successfully accomplishing numerous challenging projects in non-IgG antibodies services. Here we apply non-IgG therapeutic antibodies, mainly IgM isotype, for Franciscella tularensis infection treatment.
Introduction to Franciscella tularensis Infection
Franciscella tularensis (F. tularensis), a member of the francisellaceae family, is a kind of emerging pathogen that spreads rapidly through blood and the respiratory system. It is a Gram-negative aerobic bacterium and has been regarded as a main cause of tularemia. Recent studies have shown that F. tularensis is highly toxic and susceptible to infection and it can cause severe illness and death in patients. Meanwhile, F. tularensis can block the immune signaling and downregulate the immune response of host cells in vivo. Generally, F. tularensis tends to attack animals, causing tularemia. Antibiotics are applied for human tularemia treatment when they infect tularemia by contact with infected animals or being bitten by insects.
Recently, it has been indicated that F. tularensis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was a potential candidate for tularemia vaccine development. Furthermore, researchers have revealed that LPS and MD-2 complex can interact with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to trigger a signaling cascade that eventually leads to the release of a wide variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages or endothelial cells. This gives the sight to the therapy that monoclonal antibodies against the F. tularensis LPS may be useful to tularemia treatment. Additionally, a number of IgM antibodies have been developed against F. tularensis in humans. These antibodies have also been detected by various assays based on the binding of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against F. tularensis LPS antigens. The results have demonstrated that these IgM antibodies are powerful tools for the treatment of F. tularensis infections.
Fig.1 Life cycles of Francisella tularensis in nature (Original). (Mehmet, 2013)
The IgM Antibodies to Franciscella tularensis Infection
F. tularensis, a non-motile and facultative intracellular bacterium, can cause infections with a high mortality rate in humans and other mammals. A number of IgM antibodies have been designed to protect the host against respiratory tularemia caused by F. tularensis. The studies have suggested that IgM antibodies can provide long-time, effective prevention and protection mechanisms by activating the humoral immune responses of a cell- and antibody-based interaction. Moreover, the presence of IgM antibodies to F. tularensis at various intervals after infection plays an important role in determining the humoral tularemia immunity. In our company, we provide a series of IgM antibodies against F. tularensis infections, and a full range of assays also have been established to evaluate and analyze these IgM therapeutic antibodies.
Fig.2 Correlation between cELISA and iELISA for detection of F. tularensis-specific antibodies. (Sharma, 2013)
Our Services for Franciscella tularensis Infection
With a variety of mature and comprehensive platforms and technologies for the evaluation and improvement of IgM antibodies to F. tularensis, we are dedicated to providing the best solutions and protocols customized to antibody development for F. tularensis. In general, the serum samples of tularemia patients and immunized or infected animals, such as inactivated immunized rabbits, and infected mice, has been widely used in detecting IgM antibodies to F. tularensis. The fluorescent assay (IFA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), as well as microagglutination (MA) test, are common methods in our platform.
- Fully integrated IgM antibody services
- Cost-effective antibody development manner
- Well-established antibody developing platform
Creative Biolabs is a leader in the field of antibody development and has focused on the non-lgG antibody development services for years. We have experienced experts and advanced platforms that are able to provide excellent services. If you are interested in our services, please contact us for more details.
References
- Mehmet, D., et al. Tularemia: A re-emerging disease. Veteriner Fakültesi dergisi. 2013, 60(4): 275-280.
- Sharma, N., et al. Detection of Francisella tularensis-Specific Antibodies in Patients with Tularemia by a Novel Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2013, 20(1): 9-16.
KINDLY NOTE
!! For Research Use Only. Our products and services are NOT intended for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.