Targeted drug therapy combined with chemotherapy obviously improved the treatment of lymphoma in recent years, among which antibody-based immunotherapy displays favorable promise. In addition to well-developed IgG antibodies, these non-IgG therapeutic antibodies also show certain advantages in cancer treatment researches. Based on years' efforts, Creative Biolabs now is able to provide extensively professional non-IgG therapeutic antibodies services for global clients.
Background of Lymphoma
Lymphoma is a class of cancers starts with infection-fighting lymphocytes that are essential parts of the immune system. Lymphomas frequently refer to a heterogeneous group of lymphoid malignancies, which can be traditionally divided into two main types Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). HL is a B cell-derived lymphoid malignancy, whereas NHL is the predominant type of lymphoma. About 85-90% of NHL are derived from B cells and the remaining lymphomas are derived from T cells or NK cells. Presently, the main effective treatments for malignant lymphoma are chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which also accompanied by many serious adverse side effects. Immunotherapy has successfully achieved cancer-selective treatment with a more favorable side effect profile than traditional radiotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, antibody-based immunotherapy plays an increasingly important role in the treatment of lymphoma, among which different isotype antibody displays different therapeutic advantages.
IgA Antibody for Lymphoma Treatment
Compared with other immunoglobulin isotypes, IgA is the most abundantly generated antibody isotype. IgA tends to exist in a dimeric and secretory form at mucosal surfaces while the monomeric form in serum. There are two subclasses of IgA antibody (IgA1 and IgA2), which are distributed differentially between the systemic and mucosal immune systems. Studies indicate that the anti-lymphoma mechanisms of IgA antibody are likely connected with more effectively in neutrophils recruitment against certain targets than that IgG1 as well as indirect complement system activation. CD20, a non-glycosylated phosphoprotein expressed on almost all B lymphocyte, plays an important role in patients with HL and NHL. IgA against CD20 can effectively lyse lymphoma cells by inducing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) via FcɑRI or triggering phagocytosis of lymphoma cells by neutrophils and recruitment of complement. In addition, recombinant chimeric IgA anti-HLA-class II antibodies (both IgA1 and IgA2) effectively trigger the lymphoma cells lysis by polymorphonuclear neutrophils, which shows attractive potential for lymphoma treatment.
IgE Antibody for Lymphoma Treatment
Despite IgE antibodies are the least abundant circulating antibodies in the serum, they are capable to induce the most powerful inflammatory reactions and play a central role in allergic reactions and parasitic infections. Epidemiological studies have found that the incidence of allergies is inversely associated with certain malignancies such as glioma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and childhood leukemia. The main effector cells of IgE-mediated immune and allergic responses are mast cells, which also are a potential advantage of IgE-based lymphoma therapies. The reasons lie in (i) IgE exerts various functions (including anti-tumor effect) by binding to high-affinity receptor FcεRI, which is constitutively expressed on mast cells; (ii) high-density mast cells are associated with poor prognosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma; (iii) these effector cells coated with IgE on the surface will result in cells more suitable for targeting cancer cells; (iv) the use of tumor-specific IgE allows effector cells to recognize tumor antigens, enhance local tumor cell killing and induce secondary anti-tumor responses, and possibly induce long-term anti-tumor immunity.
Fig.2 Mechanisms of IgE immunotherapy-induced tumor cell killing. (Josephs, 2014)
As investigations go deep into this field, scientists find that these non-IgG antibodies perform unbelievable therapeutic effects on various tumors in addition to lymphoma. Here, Creative Biolabs not only provides a series of non-IgG antibodies target tumors but also assists our clients with comprehensive related and customized non-IgG antibodies services.
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Reference
- Josephs, D.H.; et al. IgE immunotherapy: a novel concept with promise for the treatment of cancer. MAbs. 2014, 6(1): 54-72.
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