Having betaken to non-IgG researches many years, Creative Biolabs aims to discover optimized cancer therapeutic solutions and provide more comprehensive services for our global customers. Here we offer non-IgG antibodies targeting services for breast carcinoma treatment.
Background of Breast Carcinoma
Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Breast cancer is immunogenic, and multiple putative tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have been identified in BC cells, such as carcinoma embryonic antigen, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neuregulin (HER-2/neu), mucin1 (MUC1), carbohydrate antigens (Tn, TF, sialyl Tn), tumor suppressor gene p53 and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). These TAAs have been the successful targets of new drug development for cancer vaccine and antibody over the past decade, some of which could elicit tumor-specific immune responses and were proven to be clinically beneficial. Therapeutic treatments for breast cancer generally include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, and molecular targeted therapy. With the development of molecular biology, immunology, and pharmacogenomics, immunotherapy becomes a promising new field in breast cancer therapies.
IgA Antibody for Breast Carcinoma Treatment
IgA represents the most abundant antibody class at mucosal surfaces and the second prevalent antibody class in human serum. Today, IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are dominant in the therapeutic antibody field because of their properties like an extended plasma half-life, effective complement system activation and natural killer (NK) cells recruitment for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). However, IgA mAbs are superior in recruiting neutrophils for antibody-mediated tumor cell killing and may be a good alternative to overcome apoptosis resistance in tumor cells. HER2/neu is a surface membrane protein that is overexpressed in approximately 25% of BC patients. HER2/neu overexpression results in ligand-independent activation of HER2 kinase and thereby causing mitogenic signal transduction and cell proliferation increase. Patients with this change have a poor clinical prognosis, so Her2 can be used as a target for BC antibody therapy. The IgA antibody against Her2 has significant therapeutic activity against metastatic breast cancers with Her2 overexpression and plays a major role in the treatment of breast cancer through ADCC by the mechanism of action on receptor signaling transduction. Her2 IgA mAbs can significantly reduce tumor growth, effectively kill tumor cells in vivo, and show a great prospect in the immunotherapy of BC.
IgM Antibody for Breast Carcinoma Treatment
Immune system not only eliminates pathogenic bacteria but also greatly inhibits the growth of carcinomas by generating antibodies against malignant cells. IgM antibody is part of the organism's first line of defense, which is responsible for identifying and eliminating microorganisms and removing transformed cells. IgM exists in two types: natural IgM and adaptive IgM. Both natural and adaptive IgM antibodies have been isolated from patients' with BC, and they eliminate BC through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis and complement system activation. Natural IgM antibodies have a direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells, they recognize tumor-modified cell surfaces during tumorigenesis and activate the complement system to destroy nascent transformed tumor cells. The adaptive IgM is considered to be a tool for early diagnosis of breast cancer.
IgE Antibody for Breast Carcinoma Treatment
Antibodies of the IgE class are the least abundant circulating antibodies in the serum but play a central role in allergic reactions and parasitic infections. In addition, many properties of the IgE make it also important in anti-tumor immunity. Effector cells (dendritic cells, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils) involve in IgE-based cancer therapies. IgE antibody binding to the surface of these effector cells results in better suitability of these cells to target cancer cells. Tumor-specific IgE allows effector cells to recognize tumor antigens, enhances local tumor cell killing, elicits a secondary anti-tumor response, and possibly induces long-term antitumor immunity. The earliest investigation of IgE antibody as an anticancer drug dates back to 1991 by Nagy, which demonstrated that TAA-specific IgE antibody improved survival of the mice mammary carcinoma. Moreover, Humanized trastuzumab IgE generated by the fusion of the variable region of trastuzumab with the constant region of human IgE and fully humanized anti-HER2/neu IgE produced by the variable region of single chain Fv C6MH3-B1 both show favorable anti-tumor effects through a variety of mechanisms. Therefore, IgE targeting tumor antigens plays an important role in the immunotherapy of cancer.
Fig.2 Effects of IgE-based immunotherapy of cancer. (Singer, 2014)
Non-IgG antibodies display several advantages in breast carcinoma treatment compared with IgG antibody. With the strong strength of antibody development experience and platforms, Creative Biolabs has established a sound service system to provide the best and comprehensive non-IgG therapeutic antibodies services covering from pre-made or customized non-IgG antibodies products and development services to their applications.
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Reference
- Singer, J.; Jensen-Jarolim E. IgE-based immunotherapy of cancer: challenges and chances. Allergy. 2014, 69(2): 137-149.
KINDLY NOTE
!! For Research Use Only. Our products and services are NOT intended for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.