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Introduction of IgD MM
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease caused by the malignant proliferation of plasma B cells in the bone marrow. Abnormal plasma cells invade multiple organs and induce various adverse consequences, including anemia, bone pain, renal failure, and hyperviscosity. IgD MM is a subtype of myeloma with a very low incidence. Therefore, it is usually accompanied by MM-related symptoms. The half-life of IgD is about 3 days, and the proportion of total serum immunoglobulin is less than 1%. In addition, compared with other subtypes, patients with IgD myeloma have a poorer prognosis. It is worth noting that the low rate of IgD synthesis in patients with IgD MM makes diagnosis difficult.
Fig.1 Bone marrow aspirate cytology of multiple myeloma. (Abd, 2020)
Diagnosis of IgD MM
Currently, there is no diagnostic test available for MM with 100% accuracy, so the diagnosis of MM can be combined with different factors, such as the content of abnormal plasma B cells, the M protein in serum and urine electrophoresis, and clinical features. Recently, N-glycans are emerging as biomarkers for detecting abnormal protein glycosylation. NG1(6)A2F and NG1(3)A2F are two key N-glycan markers with excellent sensitivity and specificity. Detection of serum N-glycosylation by specific glycan determination technology confirmed the role of N-glycan biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of IgD MM.
Treatment for IgD MM
Generally speaking, the survival time of IgD MM patients is relatively short. Studies have demonstrated that a variety of treatment strategies can effectively improve the survival of patients with IgD MM, such as alkylating drugs and interferon therapy or autologous stem cell transplantation. In recent years, the therapy of MM has made great progress. For example, immunomodulators and proteasome inhibitors have been proved to be effective in the therapy of MM. Additionally, the bortezomib-based regimen is the most commonly used new type of therapy with excellent efficacy. It is worth noting that monoclonal antibodies may also play an important role in the cure of IgD-MM. Recently, the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has also developed into a new strategy. B cell maturation antigen is an attractive target for CAR T cell therapy. In many studies, T cell therapy exhibited good therapeutic potential for MM.
Creative Biolabs is an expert who has professional knowledge on the pathology and treatment status of IgD MM. If you have any questions, please contact us in time for more information.
Reference
- Abd, B. A.; Mohammed, M. Q. Multiple myeloma, the plasma cell cancer: An overview. Medical Journal of Babylon. 2020, 17(3): 233.
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